Its broad objective was to preserve the social order it ordained that people should obey their parents, pay respect to Brahmanas and Buddhist monks and show mercy to slave and servants. of pleasing appearance. ▪ Radhagupta a Minister of Bindusar helped him in fratricidal struggle. ▪ He held that if people behaved well they would attain Swarga (heaven). In early Buddhist texts, Devadutta is often portrayed as a sly and selfish person. The disunited Vijjian confederacy was unable to counter the invasion and Ajatashatru was triumphant. • The iron ores in the hills near Rajgir and copper and iron deposits near Gaya added to its natural assets. We Genuinely APPRECIATE your PATIENCE.

• The immediate successor of Ajatasatru was Udayin. ▪ Central province. We don’t know exactly when but at some point during Ajatashatru’s reign, Kosala ceased to be an independent kingdom and became a part of the Magadhan Empire.

These. It is said that when the Buddha visited the new city, he prophesied that it would one day grow to be the chief city of the Aryans. • Bimbisara married Chellana, a princess of the Licchavi family of Vaisali.

Rise of Magadha Empire (Notes+MCQ) PDF Download contains detailed study notes for this topic.

The fortress erected by Ajatashatru at the village of Patali at the confluence of the Son and the Ganges rivers soon grew into a very important city. These include his last great sermon, The Heart Sutra – Pajnaparamita Sutra, in which he preaches that everything is shunyata (form is empty); The Lotus Sutra – Sadharmapundrika Sutra, which is considered the final teaching of the Buddha and enough to attain salvation; and the Surangama Samadhi Sutra, which contains the teachings of Yogacharya and Vajrayana. His third wife was Kshema, daughter of the Madras of Punjab.

Bimbisara (546 – 494 B.C.) He married Kosaladevi, sister of Prasenajit.

Neglect of north-west frontier. Magadha Empire UPSC Past papers. The thick forests beyond Gaya in South Bihar supplied timber for building and elephants for the army.

UPSC History.

▪ The Mauryan artisans also started the practice of hewing out caves from rocks for monks to live in. Things become confusing here as the Puranas offer conflicting details, much of which cannot be verified.

Ajatashatru and his father Bimbisara are perhaps the earliest kings who step out of the mist of legend and tales, into reality. According to these records, the size and reputation of the Nanda army acted as a deterrent to Alexander and his tired forces. Sisunaga is said to have destroyed the powers of Magadha’s great rival, the Pradyotas of Avanti, and incorporated Avanti into Magadha. It was the nucleus of several larger kingdoms or empires between the 6th century bce and the 8th century ce. The Buddha consoled him and told him that if his remorse was true, he would attain salvation in his next life. Magdha, with its capital at Pataliputra, was the headquarters of the entire kingdom. Magadha : First Empire (543 – 330 BCE) ... Magadha. Favourable geographical location enabled it to control the whole lower Gangetic plain. Devadutta is infamous because he joined the Buddhist Sangha and then created its first schism when he walked away with 500 monks to create his own order. Factors for the Rise of Magadha ▪ The Mauryan artisans also started the practice of hewing out caves from rocks for monks to live in.

He was often at loggerheads with the Buddha and sought to counter-influence the Buddha’s friends and followers. Shishunag(412 B.C – 394 B.C) ▪ He was founder of dynasty and minister of the Udayin ▪ Dynasty lasted for two generation only ▪ He made Vaishali as capital, Kalasoka (394 to 366 B.C) ▪ He made capital Patliputra again ▪ 2nd Buddhist counsel in his reign ▪Last king of dynasty was Nandivardhan, ▪ Founder of this dynasty was Mahapadam Nand. Bimbisara married Kosala Devi, the sister of Prasenjit, the king of Kosala, and she brought him as part of her dowry the city-state of Kashi, renowned for its yellow, cotton cloth, advantageous location (it was situated plumb in the middle of a great ford on the Ganges River), and renowned scholarship. Of these, the most famous are at Sanchi and Bui hut) ▪ During Mauryan period, the punch marked coins (mostly of silver) were the common units of transactions. With the exception of Gandhara, all the lands ruled by him had been conquered by the Nanda emperors. ▪ A carved elephant at Dhauli and engraved elephant at Kalsi. ▪ The pillars represent the Masterpiece of Mauryan sculpture. Oct 15, 2020 - Rise of Magadha - Ancient India, IAS | EduRev Notes is made by best teachers of UPSC. ▪ Four lion capital at Sarnath and Sanchi. However, both religions claim him as their supporter and devotee. ▪ Bindusar asked Antiochus I of Syria to send some sweet wine, dried figs, and a Sophist. He also gave some of the most important sermons of his life here. ▪ Western province, known as Avantipatha had its capital in Ujjain. There is a famous panel at the Bahrut Stupa depicting Ajatashatru and his wives visiting the Buddha. • He is said to have met Gautama Buddha. Thanks to a proliferation of texts – chronicling the rise of two new faiths – Buddhism and Jainism that emerged during their reign ( 543-460 BCE), we have textual, archaeological and sculptural reference to the rulers of Magadha, who forged the first great Empire of the North – Magadha. Army ▪ The most striking feature of Mauryan administration was maintanence of a huge army. ▪ Ashoka is called ‘Buddhashakya in Maski edict and ‘Dharmasoka’ in Sarnath inscription. ▪ He died in 323 B.C at Babylon. He never said that they would attain Nirvana, which was goal of Buddhist Teaching. ▪ Thus he retained Kalinga after its conquest and incorporated it into his empire.

▪ Kautilya(minister of Chandragupt Maury) written arthshatra in this reign. Magdha, with its capital at Pataliputra, was the headquarters of the entire kingdom.

Probably, five.

First Council at Rahagriha, painting at the Nava Jetavana, Shravasti  |Wikimedia Commons.

2. • Some historians maintain that it was the introduction of iron implements which enabled the people to clear the jungle and reclaim the fertile land of the eastern Gangetic plains and led finally to the rise of the powerful Maha Janapadas.

Its location at the centre of the highways of trade of those days contributed to its wealth.

Possible extent of the Nanda Empire under its last ruler Dhana Nanda (c. 325 BCE).|Wikimedia Commons.

▪ Ashoka is called ‘Buddhashakya in Maski edict and ‘Dharmasoka’ in Sarnath inscription.

4. • He laid the foundation of the new capital at Pataliputra situated at the confluence of the two rivers, the Ganges and the Son.

What he could not gain through war, he set about gaining through marriage. As the lesson starts, the factors for the rise of urbanization are explained. beloved of the Gods and ‘Piyadassi’ i.e. • Mahapadma Nanda uprooted the kshatriya dynasties in north India and assumed the title Ekarat. Magadha Empire • Of all the kingdoms of north India, Magadha emerged powerful and prosperous.

3.

The caves below the mountain and Vulture’s Peak are also very sacred to Jains, who believe that Mahavira spent varshavaas (the monsoon months when he ceased to wander as a mendicant) here. ▪ The Northern Province, called Uttarapatha had Taxila as its capital. Ajatashatru was a cunning ruler and he devised an elaborate strategy to bring down the Vijjians. • The fame of Magadha scaled new heights under the Nanda dynasty. • Many historians believe that a considerable portion of the Deccan was also under the control of the Nandas. They claim that Bimbisara committed suicide in captivity, whereas Buddhists say that Ajatashatru killed his father under the influence of the Buddha’s evil cousin, Devadutta. This shows us just how astute Bimbisara was. The wars between Kosala and Magadha flowed both ways. • Iron, however, did play an important role during this period, as it was used mostly for making weapons and Magadha may have had strategic advantage due to its access to the iron ore deposits in Chota Nagpur and its better armament. He was succeeded by his eight sons, who ruled successively. According to Jaina sources, Ajatashatru also added two weapons to his army’s repertoire – a catapult that shot large stone boulders and a chariot, probably with wheel blades that created havoc by wheeling around.

▪ Founder of this dynasty was Mahapadam Nand.

The texts may revile the Nandas but what we cannot overlook is that the empire builders of this era – first Bimbisara and then Mahapadma Nanda – marched in, ushering in a new phase in the subcontinent’s history. Rise of Magadha Empire (Notes+MCQ) PDF Download also contains related Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) which will be beneficial for all Competitive Exams like WBCS (Preli & Mains), UPSC, SSC, Rail (Gr. ▪ According to Megasthenes the administration of Army was carried by a board of 30 officers divided into six committees, each committee consisting of 5 members. It was Agrammes who was on the throne of Magadha at Pataliputra when Alexander arrived on the subcontinent in 326 BCE.

Period – 6th century BC to 4th century BC. ▪ Kautilya(minister of Chandragupt Maury) written arthshatra in this reign. Magadha, ancient kingdom of India, situated in what is now west-central Bihar state, in northeastern India. The kingdoms of the central Ganga Valley were caught in a tweezer’s grip, thus ensuring that they would not ally with his greatest rival, King Chanda Pradyota Mahasena of Avanti. Interestingly, both Buddhists and Jains claim that Bimbisara followed their respective faiths. of pleasing appearance. Chandragupta did not conquer most of the lands that made up his empire. • Bimbisara had also efficiently reorganized the administration of his kingdom.

When the Buddha died, Ajatashatru hastened to Kusinagara and claimed a lion’s share of the Buddha’s cremated remains from Mahakassapa, the Buddha’s chief disciple and the one who oversaw his last rites. ▪ Fragments of stone pillars and slumps indicating the existence of an 80-pillared hall have been discovered at Kumarhar on outskirts of Patna.

The early importance of Magadha may be explained by its strategic position in the Jain sources are a little more charitable to Ajatashatru.

He is seen as a great patron by Buddhists. His marriage to Kshema put him within striking distance of Gandhara in the north-west, while also keeping open his trade routes through the Indus headwaters.

• All these factors account for the expansion and stability of Magadha, which gradually swallowed all other contemporary states.

Ajatasatru (494 – 462 B.C.) • Their conquests went beyond the boundaries of the Gangetic basin and in North India they carved a well-knit and vast empire. War over the Buddha’s Relics, kept by the city of Kushinagar, South Gate, Stupa no.1, Sanchi |Wikimedia Commons. They were historic figures and they left behind parts of their large fort in the old Magadhan capital Rajgriha. ▪ Stupas were built throughout the empire to enshrine (he relics of Buddha. ▪ The state controlled almost all economic activities.

There is a small inscription in the Son-Bhandar Caves, stating very clearly that they were built for Jain monks by a Jain Muni. the earliest example are Barabar caves in Gaya. ▪ A carved elephant at Dhauli and engraved elephant at Kalsi. Then he explains about the economic, politico - military, and socio - cultural strengths of the Magadh empire … • His successor was Kakavarman or Kalasoka. Bimbisara appointed his son and heir, Ajatashatru, as Governor of Anga and then turned his sights on all the other mahajanapadas in the vicinity.

5.

It was at this time that Ajatasatru realised the strategic importance of the small village, Pataligrama (future Pataliputra). Magadha coin, c. 350 BCE|Wikimedia Commons.

▪ Thus he retained Kalinga after its conquest and incorporated it into his empire. No other city was built using as much stone as did Rajagriha and its location with the hills as its backdrop makes it even more breathtaking. Udayan, who succeeded Ajatashatru, was a king of some renown but his two successors failed to leave a mark.

The annexation of Anga and its amalgamation with Magadha was the first step in a long march.