As a result, the natural frequency of those spans coincided with the forcing frequency of the earthquake ground motion.

Remember to get full marks in a case study answer you need to learn specific facts and figures and include locational detail (i.e.

On 17th October 1989, at 5.04 pm, an earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale, and lasting only 15 short, but devastating seconds, hit San Francisco (see shake intensity map) The following YouTube video gives an overview of some of the images of the aftermath of the earthquake. The spans suffered increasing vertical motion.

The Golden Gate Bridge survived, but a few steel beams came loose.

Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Measured at 6.9 on the Richter Scale, the worst damage was in the nearby cities of Watsonville and Santa Cruz. It all started on the peaceful morning of April 12, 1989. The earthquake interrupted the World Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics. Resonant vibration caused 50 of the 124 spans of the Viaduct to collapse. It first occured along a portion of the San Andreas fault zone referred to as the Southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment. The earthquake caused the Cypress Viaduct to collapse, resulting in 42 deaths. Extensive damage also occurred in San Francisco's Marina District, where many expensive homes built on filled ground collapsed from liquefaction of soil used over the years to fill in the waterfront and then built upon. The focal depth was 11 miles, which is unusually deep. Some of the buildings on Alcatraz Island collapsed in the quake.

The concrete freeway, which ran along San Francisco's waterfront and was never completed, was replaced with a ground-level boulevard. Reminiscent of the 1906 earthquake, the earth shook, like a table bumped, causing a house of cards to fall. Older Buildings of Downtown San Francisco.
One of the major impacts of the earthquake on everyday life was transportation. The viaduct was a raised freeway section that was part of the Nimitz freeway in Oakland, which is Interstate 880.

San Francisco; earthquake; liquefaction; Bay Bridge; Oakland Interstate; Candlestick Park; YouTube; Welcome to GeoBytesGCSE.blogspot. Volcanoes - Prediction Technology and Satellite Im... GeoBytes (St Ivo School Geography Department). The quake also forced seismic retrofitting of all San Francisco Bay Area bridges. The Richter scale was published in 1935 and immediately became the standard measure of earthquake intensity. The reinforced concrete frames of those spans were mounted on weak soil. At 5:12 A.M., April 18, 1989, an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale struck San Francisco, California, causing nearly 6 billion dollars in damages and killing nearly 25,000 people in the city alone. The quake lasted for about 3 minutes. One slide, on State Highway 17, disrupted traffic for about a month. Property damage was estimated at $6 billion. News stations all over the world began reporting on the story around 8:00 A.M. Fortunately, in an unusual convergence of events, many people had left work early or were participating in World Series early after-work parties. The earthquake lasted for 15 to 20 seconds. Seismic damage also forced the long-term closure of Interstate 280 in San Francisco (north of US-101), another concrete freeway that had never been completed on its originally planned route.

It all started on the peaceful morning of April 12, 1989. Therefore, the usually crowded highways bore exceptionally light traffic at the time. Sources place the death toll at between 63 to 68 people. The amount of destruction was on a scale never before seen in modern history. Typical California earthquake focal depths are 4 to 6 miles.

That earthquake was the largest to occur in the San Francisco Bay area since 1906. The above lists the number of visits from countries around the world since Sunday 6th May 2007.

The Transamerica Pyramid in particular was severely damaged. The downtown area began to fall apart starting at around 5:14 A.M. At 5:12 A.M., April 18, 1989, an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale struck San Francisco, California, causing nearly 6 billion dollars in damages and killing nearly 25,000 people in the city alone. name specific places, areas, buildings etc.

Cracks formed in the support frames. Fortunately, less than half of the 65,000-plus fans had reached their seats, lessening the load on the structure of the stadium. earthquake; prediction; monitoring; seismic; seismograph; seisometer; earthquake; San Francisco; Focus; Epicentre; Seismograph; Seisometer; Richter Scale; logarithmic; fault, epicentre; liquefaction; focus; magnitude.

As well as class notes, see the following links for further detailed information on the 1989 quake. A smaller section of the Bay Bridge that collapsed.

Buildings such as the Transamerica Pyramid, Embarcadero Center, Bank of America Center, and 345 California Center, had either collapsed or were severely damaged. The top portion of the building fell off, destroying a neighboring building.

Landslides in the nearby hills destroyed multiple neighborhoods surrounding the city. Its epicenter was at geographical coordinates 37.04° N 121.88° W, near Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, about 10 miles northeast of the city of Santa Cruz, California, in the Forest of Nisene Marks State Park. San Francisco; earthquake; liquefaction; Bay Bridge; Oakland Interstate; Candlestick Park; YouTube; Case Study of an Earthquake in an LEDC - Bam 2003. SAN FRANCISCO – OCTOBER 17: General view of the crowds in Candlestick Park after an earthquake, measuring 7.1 on the richter scale, rocks game three … affected). You need to have an understanding of … The aftermath of the quake wasn't seen until later that morning due to the lack of light. Sections of the Oakland Bay Bridge collapsed into the San Francisco Bay. People were sleeping peacefully and the city of San Francisco was quiet, but that all changed at 5:12 A.M. All of a sudden, the ground beneath the city violently shook.
The earthquake caused severe damage as far as 70 miles away, most notably in San Francisco, Oakland, the San Francisco Peninsula, and in areas closer to the epicenter in the communities of Santa Cruz, Watsonville, and Los Gatos. The viaduct had two traffic decks. The epicenter was located in the Santa Cruz mountains, near Loma Prieta peak, about 70 miles south of San Francisco.

Collapse of the Double-Decker Nimitz Highway and San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, 3. Deaths in Santa Cruz occurred when brick storefronts and sidewalls in the historic downtown (what was then called the Pacific Garden Mall) tumbled down on people exiting the buildings. The San Francisco Earthquake (AKA Loma Prieta earthquake) occured on October 17th 1989, measuring 6.9-7.1 on the Richter scale and lasted for around 10-15 seconds.

Finally, the upper roadway collapsed, slamming down on the lower road, crushing the cars on the lower deck. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. You will need to learn the case study of the San Francisco Earthquake. The Loma Prieta earthquake irrevocably changed the San Francisco Bay Area's transportation landscape.